Bartosz Kułakowski - Articles author

PSI is a unit of pressure used mainly in the United States and other countries using the imperial measurement system. PSI measures the amount of force...

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PSF is a unit of pressure used mainly in the United States and other countries that use the imperial measurement system. PSF measures the amount of fo...

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The megapascal (MPa) is a unit of pressure measurement in the SI system that represents one million pascals - 1 MPa = 1 000 000 Pa or 1 000 kPa.

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The kilopascal (kPa) is a unit of pressure in the SI (International System of Units) system of measurement equal to one thousand pascals 1 kPa = 1000 ...

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Pascal (Pa) is the unit of measurement of pressure (and stress) in the International System of Units (SI). It is named after Blaise Pascal, a French...

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A torr is a unit of pressure measurement named after the Italian physicist Evangelista Torricelli, a pioneer in the study of atmospheric pressure. One...

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The millimetre column of mercury is a unit of pressure that is derived from the traditional way of measuring pressure using a mercury barometer. It re...

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A millimetre water column is a unit of pressure that measures the force exerted by a column of water one millimetre high per unit area at a temperatur...

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An inch of mercury column is a unit of pressure used mainly in the United Sta-tes and other countries using the imperial measurement system. One inch ...

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An inch of water column is a unit of pressure used mainly in the United States, based on the imperial measurement system. It is defined as the pressur...

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The hectopascal (hPa) is the SI unit of pressure measurement, equivalent to 100 pascals (Pa). With the term "hectopascal", the prefix "hecto-", meanin...

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The bar is a unit of atmospheric pressure used in meteorology, oceanography, as well as other scientific and technical fields. The bar was introduced ...

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The technical atmosphere is a unit of pressure that is not part of the SI system but is commonly used in some technical fields.

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The atmosphere is a unit of pressure that was originally defined as the pressure exerted by a column of mercury 760 millimetres high at 0 degrees Cels...

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A hose for a pressure washer should be made from durable, kink-resistant material such as rubber, polyurethane, or PVC. The length of the hose should ...

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A pump hose should be selected according to the type of pump and its specific operating conditions. It is crucial to match the material, diameter, len...

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A septic tank hose should be made of a material that is resistant to chemicals, abrasion and varying operating conditions, such as PVC, synthetic rubb...

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A sandblaster is a specialised piece of equipment used in various industries to clean, smooth or shape surfaces by shooting an abrasive material (such...

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Sandblasting sand is an abrasive used in the sandblasting process, which is a method of cleaning, smoothing or making various surfaces rough by pressi...

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Sandblasting is a process during which the top layer of the material to be cleaned (e.g. rust, varnish, paint) is peeled off and its surface smoothed ...

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Check our pressure unit converter. We looked at the most popular pressure units such as bars, pascals, PSI, and atmospheres. See how you can convert...

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One inch equals exactly 25.4 millimetres. This value is fixed, making it a reliable standard for conversions.

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DN is the nominal diameter. "Diameter Nominal"). It acts as a standard nomenclature used to classify pipe sizes in the plumbing and construction indus...

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ADR placards are plates, stickers, and warning notices that provide information about the dangerous goods being transported. ADR markings provide bett...

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The transport of hazardous materials is the movement of substances that, due to their chemical, physical or biological properties, may pose a risk to ...

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Hazardous material classes are a way of classifying dangerous goods according to the UN (United Nations). There are 9 classes of hazardous materials...

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Following the law, hazardous materials should be stored in single-story buildings made of non-combustible materials with the required fire resistance ...

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ADR packaging is the packaging for the carriage of dangerous goods. They must comply with certain standards that are designed to ensure safety during ...

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The ADR is an international convention on the carriage of dangerous goods and loads by road. The treaty was signed in 1957 in Geneva and ratified by...

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Hazardous materials are articles or substances that can pose a significant risk to human health and life, as well as to the environment. By their phys...

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SBR rubber is a material with practical properties such as resistance to abrasion, stretching and tearing. This makes it ideal for manufacturing tough...

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NR rubber is an isoprene polymer, or elastomer. Its polymer chains reconnect when stretched, which gives the material its elasticity.

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NBR rubber is a synthetic rubber compound made from acrylonitrile and butadiene, known for its natural resistance to oils, fuels, water, and many chem...

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Silicone rubber is an elastomer composed of silicone, which is a polymer containing silicon along with carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It is widely used ...

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EPDM rubber is an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, which is classified as a terpolymer due to its structure.

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Butyl rubber, also known as isobutylene-isoprene rubber, is a synthetic rubber produced by copolymerising isobutylene with small amounts of isoprene. ...

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HNBR rubber is a special class of nitrile rubber – NBR rubber - that has been hydrogenated to increase the saturation of the butadiene segment in the ...

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Viton rubber is a type of synthetic rubber and fluoropolymer elastomer that is commonly used in O-rings, seals and gaskets.

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Neoprene rubber is a specific type of synthetic rubber that consists of polymers of carbon, hydrogen and chlorine.

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Rubber is a fascinating and versatile material that we encounter in everyday life more often than we think.

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Hose crimping is the process that involves bonding a hose to a metal tip. This allows you to later connect it to a pressure source. To crimp a hose,...

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Chillers play a very important role in many commercial buildings and industrial plants. Some production processes would simply be impossible without...

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Chillers are divided not only by the type of design and cooling method but also by mobility, the technology used or the industry purpose.

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Chillers provide essential cooling to production processes and commercial buildings, but require regular maintenance. Indeed, without it, the performa...

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The main components of a chiller are the condenser, compressor, evaporators and expansion valves. Adequate power supply, control panel and water boxes...

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The chiller works on the principle of the refrigeration cycle. Although there are many different chillers, most of them use the same method of removin...

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A dry cooler is a cooling device that uses air to regulate the process temperature. The cooling is based on the principles of sensible heat rejection.

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A glycol chiller is a device that removes heat from a liquid using glycol. The fluid can circulate through a heat exchanger (or cooling jacket) to coo...

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Industrial refrigeration is a specialized field focused on cooling and removing excess unwanted heat from industrial facilities and processes. Excessi...

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Adiabatic cooling is a process that involves the reduction of heat by the expansion of a gas or vapour. It occurs when a gas or vapour is allowed to...

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A chiller is a refrigeration system that reduces the temperature of machinery, industrial spaces, and process fluids. This is done by removing heat fr...

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There are two standards for Camlock couplings: the American one, namely A-A-59326D (formerly Mil-C-27487), and the European one, namely EN 14420-7. We...

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To measure Camlock couplings, you need the right tool. In this case, a tape measure, ruler or caliper will suffice.

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You will install Camlock couplings in several different ways depending on whether you are dealing with a pipe outlet or a flexible hose.

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Camlock couplings are designed to provide a secure connection between hoses and pipes, but to what extent is it safe? Can it leak? In this article, we...

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Camlock couplings and Storz couplings are among the most popular quick couplings on the market. However, the main difference between them is in their ...

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There are many accessories for Camlock couplings that will increase their capabilities and safety. Read the article and learn more about it.

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Camlock couplings have many advantages. They combine simplicity, convenience, durability and safety, plus their cost is relatively low compared to oth...

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If the world of Camlock couplings is new to you, the vast range of manufacturers will probably overwhelm you. You can choose not only from a variety...

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A pipe thread is a type of pipe connection that is used wherever we are dealing with plumbing or any flow of liquids (or other substances). It is also...

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The inch thread is a type of thread that originated from the inch unit of measurement instead of the metric unit. As we use the latter at our latitude...

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An external thread is a variation of a thread that has a coiling on the outside. It is most commonly found in the form of a screw, but no less common ...

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Threads may seem like small and inconspicuous parts, but they play a key role in countless applications - from holding things together to transforming...

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Whitworth thread is the British national thread standard developed in 1841 by Joseph Whitworth.

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Internal thread is a nut, i.e. the coil is in the centre of what you screw a male thread (which is usually a screw) into.

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The trapezoidal thread is a type of thread in which the crests and roots take the form of a trapezoid. This is the main difference from traditional th...

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A tapered thread is a type of thread that has a cone shape. If you look at it in profile, you will notice that it tapers to one side - unlike traditio...

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An NPT thread is an inch tapered thread with a 60-degree profile angle, a 'V' shape and a flattened crest.

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Metric thread is a type of thread that is characterised by a triangular outline. Metric thread’s dimensions are given in millimetres by the manufactur...

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The BSP thread is a type of pipe thread whose coils take the shape of a letter 'V' with an angle of 55 degrees.

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